Saturday, January 19, 2013

How to get frequency values from mic with Processing and Minim library



(test with this video: http://youtu.be/4G60hM1W_mk)

The idea is to get the frequency of the volume peak

import ddf.minim.*;
import ddf.minim.analysis.*;

Minim minim;
AudioInput in;
FFT fft;
String note;// name of the note
int n;//int value midi note
color c;//color
float hertz;//frequency in hertz
float midi;//float midi note
int noteNumber;//variable for the midi note


int sampleRate= 44100;//sapleRate of 44100

float [] max= new float [sampleRate/2];//array that contains the half of the sampleRate size, because FFT only reads the half of the sampleRate frequency. This array will be filled with amplitude values.
float maximum;//the maximum amplitude of the max array
float frequency;//the frequency in hertz

void setup()
{
  size(400, 200);

  minim = new Minim(this);
  minim.debugOn();
  in = minim.getLineIn(Minim.MONO, 4096, sampleRate);
  fft = new FFT(in.left.size(), sampleRate);
}

void draw()
{

  background(0);//black BG

  findNote(); //find note function

  textSize(50); //size of the text

  text (frequency-6+" hz", 50, 80);//display the frequency in hertz
  pushStyle();
  fill(c);
  text ("note "+note, 50, 150);//display the note name
  popStyle();
}

void findNote() {

  fft.forward(in.left);
  for (int f=0;f<sampleRate/2;f++) { //analyses the amplitude of each frequency analysed, between 0 and 22050 hertz
    max[f]=fft.getFreq(float(f)); //each index is correspondent to a frequency and contains the amplitude value 
  }
  maximum=max(max);//get the maximum value of the max array in order to find the peak of volume

  for (int i=0; i<max.length; i++) {// read each frequency in order to compare with the peak of volume
    if (max[i] == maximum) {//if the value is equal to the amplitude of the peak, get the index of the array, which corresponds to the frequency
      frequency= i;
    }
  }


  midi= 69+12*(log((frequency-6)/440));// formula that transform frequency to midi numbers
  n= int (midi);//cast to int


//the octave have 12 tones and semitones. So, if we get a modulo of 12, we get the note names independently of the frequency  
if (n%12==9)
  {
    note = ("a");
    c = color (255, 0, 0);
  }

  if (n%12==10)
  {
    note = ("a#");
    c = color (255, 0, 80);
  }

  if (n%12==11)
  {
    note = ("b");
    c = color (255, 0, 150);
  }

  if (n%12==0)
  {
    note = ("c");
    c = color (200, 0, 255);
  }

  if (n%12==1)
  {
    note = ("c#");
    c = color (100, 0, 255);
  }

  if (n%12==2)
  {
    note = ("d");
    c = color (0, 0, 255);
  }

  if (n%12==3)
  {
    note = ("d#");
    c = color (0, 50, 255);
  }

  if (n%12==4)
  {
    note = ("e");
    c = color (0, 150, 255);
  }

  if (n%12==5)
  {
    note = ("f");
    c = color (0, 255, 255);
  }

  if (n%12==6)
  {
    note = ("f#");
    c = color (0, 255, 0);
  }

  if (n%12==7)
  {
    note = ("g");
    c = color (255, 255, 0);
  }

  if (n%12==8)
  {
    note = ("g#");
    c = color (255, 150, 0);
  }
}

void stop()
{
  // always close Minim audio classes when you are done with them
  in.close();
  minim.stop();

  super.stop();
}

4 comments:

  1. When I play an audio clip on my computer and check it on tuning apps on my phone, the frequencies correspond to the numbers listed here: http://www.phys.unsw.edu.au/jw/notes.html, but when I do the same text with this app, the numbers are wildly different. Can you help me understand why?

    ReplyDelete
    Replies
    1. As I answered on twitter, I used the formula contained in that site. The formula is m=12*log2(fm/440Hz)+69. The algorithm I made is midi= 69+12*(log((frequency-6)/440)). As you can see, I subtracted -6 of the frequency. The value -6 appeared when I tested my algorithm with a reliable reference pitch of 440Hz (note A) and the value returned was 446, so I kinda calibrated the system. This algorithm worked fine in two absolutely different computers (mine and of a friend), so I assumed this distortion of +6 was a pattern of all microphones. Maybe I was wrong.
      What you can try is to remove the -6 and test the system with a reliable reference pitch like a guitar tuner, and then remove the distortion of the value.

      Delete
  2. helped me much with my own project - thank you for share

    ReplyDelete
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